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"List of countries" redirects here. For other country lists, see Lists of countries. For other national lists, see Lists of nations.

This is a list of sovereign states, containing 203 entries, giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. For the sake of clarity, it is divided into two parts. The first part lists all 193 widely recognised sovereign states, including all member states of the United Nations and Vatican City. The second part lists states which are de facto sovereign, but which are not universally recognised by other states. Both parts are arranged alphabetically.

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as the status of many entries are disputed. For information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the "criteria for inclusion" section below. For more general information on sovereign states, please see "sovereign state".

Contents:

Internationally recognized sovereign states

Name in English and the official languages of the state1 Information on status and recognition of sovereignty2

A
Abkhazia Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
  • Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت
De Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat
  • Dari/Persian: افغانستان – جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان
Afġānestān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Albania – Republic of Albania
  • Albanian: Shqipëria – Republika e Shqipërise
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  • Arabic: الجزائر – الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية
Al-Jazā'ir – Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazā’irīyah ad-Dīmuqrāţīyah ash-Sha`bīyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Andorra – Principality of Andorra
  • Catalan: Andorra – Principat d’Andorra
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Angola – Republic of Angola Widely recognized member of the UN. A separatist government in exile claims independence for Cabinda.3
 Antigua and Barbuda Widely recognized member of the UN. Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm4 and has a division (dependency), Barbuda, with an autonomous status.5
 Argentina – Argentine Republic6
  • Spanish: Argentina – República Argentina
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Argentina is a federation7 of twenty-three Provinces and one Autonomous City. Argentine claims over the Argentine Antarctica are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty. Argentina also claims sovereignty over the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.8
 Armenia – Republic of Armenia
  • Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն
Hayastan – Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Armenia is not recognized by one UN member, Pakistan, as this country has a position of supporting Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Armenia's recognition of Kashmir belonging to India.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
  • English: Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Australia is a Commonwealth realm4 and a federation7 of states and territories. Australia has sovereignty over:

Australia claims sovereignty over parts of Antarctica as:
 Austria – Republic of Austria
  • German: Österreich – Republik Österreich
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Austria is a federation7 divided into federal-states (Bundesländer).
 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan
  • Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan – Azərbaycan Respublikası
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Azerbaijan has one autonomous republic, Nakhchivan and the autonomous region of Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ,).5 In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto country in the de jure territory of Azerbaijan has been established.

B
 Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas
  • English: The Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain
  • Arabic: البحرين – مملكة البحرين
al-Baḥrayn – Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh
  • Bengali: বাংলাদেশ – গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ
Banglādeś – Gônoprojatontri Banglādeś
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Barbados Widely recognized member of the UN. Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Belarus – Republic of Belarus
  • Belarusian: Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь
Byelarus' – Respublika Byelarus'
  • Russian: Беларусь / Белоруссия – Республика Беларусь
Belarus' / Belorussiya – Respublika Belarus'
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
  • Dutch: België – Koninkrijk België
  • French: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique
  • German: Belgien – Königreich Belgien
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Belgium is a federation7 divided into linguistic communities and regions.
 Belize Widely recognized member of the UN. Belize is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Benin – Republic of Benin10
  • French: Bénin – République du Bénin
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
  • Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ - འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་
Druk Yul – Druk Gyal-khab
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia
  • Spanish: Bolivia – Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
  • Aymara: Wuliwya – Wuliwya Suyu
  • Guarani: Volivia – Tetã Volívia
  • Quechua: Bulibiya – Bulibiya Mama Llaqta
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Widely recognized member of the UN. As a result of the Dayton Agreement between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided into two constituent entities:11
 Botswana – Republic of Botswana
  • Tswana: Botswana – Lefatshe la Botswana
  • English: Botswana – Republic of Botswana
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil
  • Portuguese: Brasil – República Federativa do Brasil
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Brazil is a federation7 divided into 26 states and one federal district.
 Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace
  • Malay: Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam
برني دارالسلام
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Brunei claims sovereignty over part of the Spratly Islands.12
 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria
  • Bulgarian: България – Република България
Bulgaria – Republika Bulgaria
  • Turkish: Bulgaristan – Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Burkina Faso13 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Burma – Union of Myanmar
  • Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စု မြန်မာ နိုင်ငံတော်
Pyi-daung-zu Myan-ma Naing-ngan-daw
 Widely recognized member of the UN
 Burundi – Republic of Burundi
  • Kirundi: Uburundi – Republika y'Uburundi
  • French: Burundi – République du Burundi
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

C
 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
  • Khmer: កម្ពុជា - ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា
Kampuchea - Preah Reachea Nachakr Kampuchea
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon
  • French: Cameroun – République du Cameroun
  • English: Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Canada14 Widely recognized member of the UN. Canada is a Commonwealth realm4 and a federation7 divided into provinces and territories.
 Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde
  • Portuguese: Cabo Verde – República de Cabo Verde
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Central African Republic
  • French: République Centrafricaine
  • Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Chad – Republic of Chad
  • French: Tchad – République du Tchad
  • Arabic: تشاد – جمهوريّة تشاد
Tašād – Jumhūriyyat Tašād
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Chile – Republic of Chile
  • Spanish: Chile – República de Chile
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile. The Desventuradas Islands and Isla Salas y Gómez are part of the Valparaíso Region.
 China – People's Republic of China15
  • Chinese: 中国 – 中华人民共和国
Zhōngguó – Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
 Widely recognized member of the UN.16 Commonly known as China, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.5 Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

It also claims:
Republic of China China, Republic of Flecha tesela.svg Taiwan Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
  • Spanish: Colombia – República de Colombia
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Colombia is an independent republic with 31 departments (including the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina) and one capital district (Bogotá).
 Comoros – Union of the Comoros
  • Comorian: Komori – Udzima wa Komori
  • French: Comores – Union des Comores
  • Arabic: القمر – اتحاد القمر
Al-Qumur – Ittihād al-Qumur
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Comoros is a federation with autonomous islands.57 The Comoros dispute the French sovereignty over Mayotte, the Glorioso Islands, and Banc du Geyser.8
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Congo-Kinshasa)22
  • French: Congo – République Démocratique du Congo
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
  • French: Congo – République du Congo
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
  • Spanish: Costa Rica – República de Costa Rica
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
  • French: Côte d'Ivoire – République de Côte d'Ivoire
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Croatia – Republic of Croatia
  • Croatian: Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
  • Spanish: Cuba – República de Cuba
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Cuban area of Guantánamo Bay is, along with the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, under the permanent control (with no claim of sovereignty) of the United States, which pays rent under terms of the Cuban-American Treaty of 1903.
 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus
  • Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία
Kípros – Kipriakí Dhimokratía
  • Turkish: Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti
 Widely recognized23 member of the UN and the EU.9 The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey.
 Czech Republic24
  • Czech: Česko – Česká republika
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9

D
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
  • Danish: Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9

The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous areas. For more information, see Rigsfællesskabet.
 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti
  • French: Djibouti – République de Djibouti
  • Arabic: جيبوتي – جمهورية جيبوتي
Jībūtī – Jumhūrīyat Jībūtī
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica
  • English: Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Dominican Republic Widely recognized member of the UN.

E
 East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste25
  • Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e – Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e
  • Portuguese: Timor-Leste – República Democrática de Timor-Leste
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
  • Spanish: Ecuador – República del Ecuador
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt
  • Arabic: مصر – جمهوريّة مصرالعربيّة
Mişr – Jumhūriyyat Mişr al-`Arabiyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
  • Spanish: El Salvador – República de El Salvador
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea
  • Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial – República de Guinea Ecuatorial
  • French: Guinée Équatoriale – République de Guinée Équatoriale
  • Portuguese: Guiné Equatorial – República da Guiné Equatorial
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Eritrea – State of Eritrea
  • Tigrinya: ኤርትራ – ሃግሬ ኤርትራ
Ertra – Hagere Ertra
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
  • Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ – የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
Ityop'iya – Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Ethiopia is a federation7 divided into regions and chartered cities.

F
 Fiji – Republic of the Fiji Islands
  • Fijian: Viti – Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti
  • English: Fiji – Republic of the Fiji Islands
  • Hindustani:26 फ़िजी / فِجی – फ़िजी गणराज्य / فِجی رپبلک
Fijī – Fijī Ripablik27
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Fiji has an autonomous region (dependency), Rotuma.5
 Finland – Republic of Finland
  • Finnish: Suomi – Suomen tasavalta
  • Swedish: Finland – Republiken Finland
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
  •  Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.528
 France – French Republic
  • French: France – République française
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 The French overseas regions/departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion) are legally part of France and France possesses the uninhabited Clipperton Island. French sovereignty also includes the overseas territories of:

French sovereignty over Bassas da India, Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island is disputed by Madagascar, over Glorioso Islands by Madagascar, the Seychelles and the Comoros, over Tromelin Island by Mauritius and the Seychelles, and over Banc du Geyser by Madagascar and the Comoros.8

G
 Gabon – Gabonese Republic
  • French: Gabon – République Gabonaise
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia
  • English: The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Georgia
  • Georgian: საქართველო
Sak’art’velo
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Georgia has two divisions with autonomous statuses:5

In Abkhazia and South Ossetia (a former autonomous entity) de facto states inside the de jure territory of Georgia have been formed.
 Germany – Federal Republic of Germany
  • German: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Germany is a federation7 divided into states (Länder).
 Ghana – Republic of Ghana
  • English: Ghana – Republic of Ghana
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Greece – Hellenic Republic
  • Greek: Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
Elláda – Ellinikí Dimokratía
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Greece has sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that is jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually comes under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
 Grenada Widely recognized member of the UN. Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
  • Spanish: Guatemala – República de Guatemala
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Guinea – Republic of Guinea
  • French: Guinée – République de Guinée
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
  • Portuguese: Guiné-Bissau – República da Guiné-Bissau
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
  • English: Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

H
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti Widely recognized member of the UN. Haiti claims the uninhabited United States possession of Navassa Island.8
Holy See Flecha tesela.svg Vatican City
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
  • Spanish: Honduras – República de Honduras
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Hungary – Republic of Hungary
  • Hungarian: Magyarország – Magyar Köztársaság
  • German: Ungarn – Republik Ungarn
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9

I
 Iceland – Republic of Iceland
  • Icelandic: Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 India – Republic of India
  • Hindi: भारत – भारत गणराज्य
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya
  • English: India – Republic of India
  • Assamese: ভাৰত - ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য
Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇarājya
  • Bengali: ভারত - ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র
Bhārot - Bhārotiya Projātôntro
  • Bhojpuri: भारत - भारत गणराज्य
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya
  • Gujarati: ભારત - ભારતીય પ્રજાસત્તાક
Bhārat - Bhārtiya Prajāsattāk
  • Kannada : ಭಾರತ - ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ
Bhārata - Bhārata Gaṇarājya
Hindustān
  • Konkani: भारत - भारत गणराज्य
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya
  • Malayalam: ഭാരതം - ഭാരത ഗണരാജ്യം
Bhāratam – Bhārata Gaṇarājyam
Bhārata - Bhārata Gaṇarājya
  • Marathi: भारत - भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक
Bhārat – Bhāratiya Prajāsattāk
  • Nepali: भारत - भारत गणराज्य
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya
  • Oriya: ଭାରତ - ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ
Bhārata - Bhārata Gaṇarājya
  • Punjabi: ਭਾਰਤ - ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ
Bhārat - Bhārat Gantantar
  • Sanskrit: भारतम् - भारत गणराज्यम्
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājyam
  • Sindhi: भारत गणराज्य, ڀارت، - هندستانڀارت، भारत ڀارت،
Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya
  • Tamil: இந்தியா - இந்தியக் குடியரசு
Intiyā – Intiyak Kuṭiyaracu
  • Telugu: భారత్ - భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము
Bhāratam – Bhārata Gaṇataṇtra Rājyamu
  • Urdu: جمہوریہ بھارت - جمہوریہ بھارت
Bhārat – Jumhūrīyat-e Bhārat
 Widely recognized member of the UN. India is a federation7 divided into states and union territories. The Indian sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by the People's Republic of China.8 India claims sovereignty over all of Jammu and Kashmir and administers part of Kashmir.21
 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia Widely recognized member of the UN. Indonesia has five provinces with special status, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Yogyakarta Special Region, Papua, West Papua, and Jakarta Special Capital Region.5 Separatist governments in exile claim independence for the Republic of the South Moluccas and the Republic of West Papua.29
 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Persian: ایران – جمهوری اسلامی ایران
Īrān – Jomhūri-ye Eslāmi-ye Īrān
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Divided into provinces and counties
 Iraq – Republic of Iraq
  • Arabic: العراق – جمهورية العراق
Al-ʿIrāq – Jumhūrīyat Al-`Irāq
  • Kurdish: عێراق – كۆماری عێراق
ʿÎraq – Komara `Îraqê
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Iraq's constitution labels the country as a federation730 divided into regions, governorates and the capital district. At present the only region is Iraqi Kurdistan.
 Ireland31 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Israel – State of Israel
  • Hebrew: ישראל – מדינת ישראל
Yisra'el – Medinat Yisra'el
  • Arabic: اسرائيل – دولة اسرائيل
Isrā'īl – Dawlat Isrā'īl
 Widely recognized member of the UN (Not recognized as a state by 20 countries).32 Israel occupies East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights and parts of the West Bank. These areas are not internationally recognized as being part of Israel.8 Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement but is still the occupying power under International law, though this status is disputed.333435363738
 Italy – Italian Republic
  • Italian: Italia – Repubblica Italiana
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.5
Ivory Coast Flecha tesela.svg Côte d'Ivoire

J
 Jamaica Widely recognized member of the UN. Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Japan
Nihon/Nippon – Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku 39
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
  • Arabic: الاردن – المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة
Al-Urdunn – Al-Mamlakah al-Urdunniyyah al-Hāshimiyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

K
 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы/Qazaqstan Respwblïkası
  • Russian: Республика Казахстан/Respublika Kazakhstan
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Kenya – Republic of Kenya
  • English: Kenya – Republic of Kenya
  • Swahili: Kenya – Jamhuri ya Kenya
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
  • Gilbertese: Kiribati – Ribaberikin Kiribati
  • English: Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea
  • Korean: 조선 – 조선민주주의인민공화국
Chosŏn – Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk
 Widely recognized member of the UN. North Korea is not recognized by four UN members: Japan, France, Estonia and South Korea.
 Korea, South – Republic of Korea
  • Korean: 한국 – 대한민국
Hanguk – Daehan Minguk
 Widely recognized member of the UN. South Korea is not recognized by one UN member, North Korea.
Kosovo Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Kuwait – State of Kuwait
  • Arabic: الكويت – دولة الكويت
Al-Kuwayt – Dawlat al-Kuwayt
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic
  • Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан – Кыргыз Республикасы
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Respublikasy
  • Russian: Кыргызстан – Кыргызская республика
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyzskaya respublika
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

L
 Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic
  • Lao: ນລາວ – ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ
Lao – Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
  • Latvian: Latvija – Latvijas Republika
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Lebanon – Republic of Lebanon
  • Arabic: لبنان – الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة
Lubnān – Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah
  • French: République libanaise
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho
  • English: Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho
  • Sotho: Lesotho – Mmuso wa Lesotho
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
  • English: Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  • Arabic: ليبيا – الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى
Lībiyā – al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah al-`Uzmā
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
  • German: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg – Groussherzogdem Lëtzebuerg
  • French: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché du Luxembourg
  • German: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9

M
 Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia
  • Macedonian:40 Македонија – Република Македонија
Makedonija – Republika Makedonija
  • Albanian: Maqedonia - Republika e Maqedonisë
 Widely recognized member of the UN, provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of countries and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.
 Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar
  • Malagasy: Madagasikara – Repoblikan'i Madagasikara
  • French: Madagascar – Republique de Madagascar
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Madagascar claims the French possessions of the Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Banc du Geyser.8
 Malawi – Republic of Malawi
  • English: Malawi – Republic of Malawi
  • Chewa: Malaŵi – Mfuko la Malaŵi
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Malaysia - Federation of Malaysia
  • English: Malaysia - Federation of Malaysia
  • Malay: Malaysia - Persekutuan Malaysia
  • Chinese: 马来西亚 - Mă Lái Xī Yà
  • Tamil: மலேசியா
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Malaysia is a federation7 divided into states and federal territories. Malaysia claims part of the Spratly Islands.12
 Maldives – Republic of Maldives
  • Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ
Divehi Rājje – Divehi Rājje ge Jumhuriyyā
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Mali – Republic of Mali
  • French: Mali – République du Mali
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Malta – Republic of Malta
  • Maltese: Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta
  • English: Malta – Republic of Malta
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
  • Marshallese: Aorōkin M̧ajeļ – Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ
  • English: Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
 Widely recognized member of the UN under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claim the United States territory of Wake Island.8
 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
  • Arabic: موريتانيا – الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية
Mūrītāniyā – l-Jumhūriyyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Mūrītāniyyah
  • French: Mauritanie – République Islamique de la Mauritanie
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius Widely recognized member of the UN. Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.5 Mauritius claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French island of Tromelin.8
 Mexico – United Mexican States
  • Spanish: México – Estados Unidos Mexicanos
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Mexico is a federation7 divided into 31 states and one federal district.
 Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia
  • English: Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia
 Widely recognized member of the UN under Compact of Free Association with the United States. Micronesia is a federation7 divided into states.
 Moldova – Republic of Moldova Widely recognized member of the UN. See Transnistria for the de facto state inside the de jure territory of Moldova.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
  • French: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco
  • Monegasque: Múnegu – Principatu de Múnegu
  • Italian: Monaco - Principato di Monaco
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Mongolia
Mongol Uls
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Montenegro
Crna Gora
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco
  • Arabic: المغرب – المملكة المغربية
al-Maġrib – Al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Morocco claims sovereignty over the Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputes the Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas.8
 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique
  • Portuguese: Moçambique – República de Moçambique
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
Myanmar Flecha tesela.svg Burma

N
Nagorno-Karabakh Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Namibia – Republic of Namibia
  • English: Namibia – Republic of Namibia
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Nauru – Republic of Nauru
  • Nauruan: Naoero – Ripublik Naoero
  • English: Nauru – Republic of Nauru
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
  • Nepali: नेपाल – संघिय लोकतन्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल
Nepāl – Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Dutch: Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
  • Papiamentu: Hulanda (or Ulanda) - Reino di Hulanda
  • English: Netherlands - Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Frisian: Nederlân - Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of three countries which each enjoy a great amount of autonomy:

The designation Netherlands thus legally only refers to one of the Kingdom's constituent countries. The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU,9 but Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles are not part of the EU.
 New Zealand Widely recognized member of the UN. New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm4 and has responsibilities for the two free associated states of:
  •  Cook Islands. The Cook Islands have received some diplomatic recognition42
  •  Niue. Niue established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 200743, while New Zealand has responsibility for Niue's external affairs.

The dependent territory of:

New Zealand also claims sovereignty over parts of Antarctica as:
 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
  • Spanish: Nicaragua – República de Nicaragua
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Niger – Republic of Niger
  • French: Niger – République du Niger
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria
  • English: Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria
  • Hausa: Najeriya - Kasar Najeriya
  • Yorùbá: Naìjírìà - Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àpapọ̀ Ilẹ̀ Naìjírìà
  • Igbo: Naigeria - Republic ndi Naigeria
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Nigeria is a federation7 divided into 36 states and one federal territory.
Northern Cyprus Flecha tesela.svg Other states
North Korea Flecha tesela.svg Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway Widely recognized member of the UN. Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. The overseas uninhabited possessions of Bouvet Island and Jan Mayen are integral parts of Norway. The Norwegian claim of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land (Antarctica) as part of Norway is suspended.45

O
 Oman – Sultanate of Oman
  • Arabic: عُمان – سلطنة عُمان
ʿUmān – Saltanat ʿUmān
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

P
 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  • Urdu: پاکستان – اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان
Pākistān – Islami Jomhuri-ye Pākistān
  • English: Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Pakistan is a federation7 divided into provinces and territories. Pakistan claims sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir, but administers only part of it.21
 Palau – Republic of Palau
  • Palauan: Belau – Beluu er a Belau
  • English: Palau – Republic of Palau
 Widely recognized member of the UN under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
The Palestinian National Authority Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Panama – Republic of Panama
  • Spanish: Panamá – República de Panamá
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
  • English: Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
  • Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini – Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm4 and also has the autonomous Region of Bougainville.5
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
  • Guarani: Paraguái – Tetã Paraguái
  • Spanish: Paraguay – República del Paraguay
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
Persia Flecha tesela.svg Iran
 Peru – Republic of Peru
  • Spanish: Perú – República del Perú
  • Aymara : Piruw – Piruw Mamallaqta
  • Quechua: Piruw – Piruw Suyu
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Philippines – Republic of the Philippines
  • Filipino/Tagalog: Pilipinas – Republika ng Pilipinas
  • English: Philippines – Republic of the Philippines
  • Spanish: Filipinas - República de Filipinas
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Philippines has the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.5 The Philippines administers Scarborough Shoal and most of the Kalayaan Islands and claims sovereignty over the unoccupied Macclesfield Bank and Sabah. Sabah is currently administered by Malaysia.12
 Poland – Republic of Poland
  • Polish: Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Portugal – Portuguese Republic Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Portugal has two autonomous regions:

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over:
Pridnestrovie Flecha tesela.svg Other states, Transnistria

Q
 Qatar – State of Qatar
  • Arabic: قطر – دولة قطر
Qatar – Dawlat Qatar
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

R
 Romania Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Russia – Russian Federation
  • Russian: Россия – Российская Федерация
Rossiya – Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Russia is a federation746 divided into Subjects of Russia (oblasts, republics, autonomous okrugs, krays, and federal cities).
Several of the federal subjects are republics acting as ethnic autonomies:5
 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda
  • KinyaRwanda: Rwanda – Repubulika y'u Rwanda
  • French: Rwanda – République du Rwanda
  • English: Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

S
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
  • English: Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm4 and is a federation7 of the islands.
 Saint Lucia Widely recognized member of the UN. Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • English: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Samoa – Independent State of Samoa
  • Samoan: Sāmoa – Mālo Tuto'atasi o Sāmoa
  • English: Samoa – Independent State of Samoa
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 San Marino – Republic of San Marino
  • Italian: San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe – República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe
 Widely recognized member of the UN. São Tomé and Príncipe has an autonomous province, Príncipe.5
 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • Arabic: السعودية – المملكة العربيّة السّعوديّة
as-Saʿūdiyyah – Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyyah as-Sa'ūdiyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Senegal – Republic of Senegal
  • French: Sénégal – République du Sénégal
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Serbia – Republic of Serbia
  • Serbian: Србија – Република Србија
Srbija – Republika Srbija
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Serbia considers itself to have two autonomous provinces,5 though most of Kosovo is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo, which does not have general recognition.
 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles
  • English: Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles
  • French: Seychelles – République des Seychelles
  • Seselwa: Sesel - Repiblik Sesel
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Seychelles claim the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French Glorioso Islands and Tromelin Island.8
 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
  • English: Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Singapore – Republic of Singapore
  • English: Singapore – Republic of Singapore
  • Malay: Singapura – Republik Singapura
  • Chinese: 新加坡 – 新加坡共和国
Xīnjīapō – Xīnjīapō Gònghéguó
  • Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் – சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு
Ciŋkappūr – Ciŋkappūr Kudiyarasu
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Slovakia – Slovak Republic
  • Slovak: Slovensko – Slovenská republika
  • Hungarian: Szlovákia - Szlovák Köztársaság
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia
  • Slovenian: Slovenija – Republika Slovenija
  • Italian: Slovenia - Repubblica slovena
  • Hungarian: Szlovénia – a Szlovén Köztársaság
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Solomon Islands Widely recognized member of the UN. The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.4
 Somalia – Republic of Somalia
  • Somali: Soomaaliya – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya
  • Arabic: الصومال – جمهورية الصومال
As-Sūmāl – Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Somalia is presently fragmented with its Transitional National Government. Somalia disputed the Yemenite sovereignty over Socotra.8 See Somaliland for the de facto country in north of Somalia.
Somaliland Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 South Africa – Republic of South Africa
  • English: South Africa – Republic of South Africa
  • Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika – Republiek van Suid-Afrika
  • Xhosa: Mzantsi Afrika – IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika
  • Zulu: Ningizimu Afrika – IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika
  • Southern Ndebele: Sewula Afrika – IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika
  • Northern Sotho: Afrika-Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa
  • Sotho: Afrika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa
  • Tswana: Aforika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa
  • Swati: Ningizimu Afrika – IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika
  • Venda: Afurika Tshipembe – Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe
  • Tsonga: Afrika Dzonga – Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
South Korea Flecha tesela.svg Korea, Republic of
South Ossetia Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
  • Spanish: España – Reino de España
  • Catalan: Espanya – Regne d'Espanya
  • Occitan: Espanha – Reialme d'Espanha
  • Basque: Espainia – Espainiako Erresuma
  • Galician: España – Reino de España
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 Spain is divided into autonomous communities and cities. The sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. The sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. Spain disputes the British sovereignty over Gibraltar.8
 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
  • Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා – ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය
Sri Lankā – Sri Lankā Prajathanthrika Samajavadi Janarajaya
  • Tamil: இலங்கை – இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சமத்துவ குடியரசு
Llankai – Illankai Chananaayaka Chosalisa Kudiyarasu
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Located on the better-known Island of Ceylon.
 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan
  • Arabic: السودان – جمهورية السودان
As-Sūdān – Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān
  • English: Sudan – Republic of the Sudan
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Sudan is a federation7 divided into states and has one autonomous region, Southern Sudan, formed out of the Southern Sudanese states.5
 Suriname – Republic of Suriname
  • Dutch: Suriname – Republiek Suriname
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland
  • English: Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland
  • Swati: eSwatini – Umbuso weSwatini
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
  • Swedish: Sverige – Konungariket Sverige
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9
 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
  • German: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
  • French: Suisse – Confédération Suisse
  • Italian: Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera
  • Raeto-Romance: Svizra – Confederaziun Svizra
  • Latin: Helvetia - Confoederatio Helvetica
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Switzerland is a federation7 divided into cantons.
 Syria – Syrian Arab Republic
  • Arabic: سورية – الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة
Sūriyah – Al-Jumhūriyyah al-'Arabiyyah as-Sūriyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Golan Heights are annexed by Israel. Syria disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province.8

T
Taiwan Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan
  • Tajik: Тоҷикистон – Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон
Tojikiston – Jumhurii Tojikiston
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Tajikistan also has the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.5
 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania
  • Swahili: Tanzania – Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
  • English: Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Tanzania is a federacy with an autonomous status for Zanzibar.5
 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand
  • Thai: ประเทศไทย – ราชอาณาจักรไทย
Prathēt Thai – Rātcha Anāchak Thai
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
Timor-Leste Flecha tesela.svg East Timor
 Togo – Togolese Republic
  • French: Togo – République Togolaise
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
  • Tongan: Tonga – Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga
  • English: Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
Transnistria Flecha tesela.svg Other states
 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
  • English: Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Trinidad and Tobago has an autonomous island, Tobago.5
 Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia
  • Arabic: تونس – الجمهورية التونسية
Tūnis – Al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah
  • French: Tunisie - République du Tunisie
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey
  • Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
  • Kurdish: Tirkiye – Komara Tirkiyeyê
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Turkmenistan Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Tuvalu Widely recognized member of the UN. Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.4

U
 Uganda – Republic of Uganda
  • English: Uganda – Republic of Uganda
  • Swahili: Uganda – Jamhuri ya Uganda
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Ukraine
Ukrajina
Ukrajina
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Ukraine has one autonomous republic:5
 United Arab Emirates
  • Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة
-Dawlat Al-Imārāt Al-`Arabiyyah Al-Muttahidah
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The United Arab Emirates is a federation7 divided into emirates.
 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • English: United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon
  • Scottish Gaelic: Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mòire agus Èireann a Tuath
  • Irish: Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann
  • Scots: Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland
  • Cornish: Ruwvaneth Unys Breten Veur hag Iwerdhon Gledh
 Widely recognized member of the UN and the EU.9 The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm4 divided into four parts:

The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:

The British Monarch has direct sovereignty over these, which are mostly self-governing:
 United States – United States of America
  • English: United States – United States of America
  • Hawaiian: ʻAmelika Hui - ‘Amelika Hui Pū ‘ia
  • Spanish: Estados Unidos - Estados Unidos de América
  • French: États-Unis - États-Unis d'Amérique
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The United States is a federation7 divided into 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll). The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:

In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Petrel Islands (disputed with Colombia and Jamaica), Serranilla Bank (disputed with Colombia), Wake Island (somewhat disputed by the Marshall Islands) as well as Navassa Island (disputed by Haiti).8
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
  • Spanish: Uruguay – República Oriental del Uruguay
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan
  • Uzbek: Ўзбекистон – Ўзбекистон Республикаси
O'zbekiston – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Uzbekistan has one autonomous republic:5

V
 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu
  • Bislama: Vanuatu – Ripablik blong Vanuatu
  • English: Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu
  • French: Vanuatu – République du Vanuatu
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Vatican City – State of the Vatican City
  • Latin: Civitas Vaticana – Status Civitatis Vaticanæ
  • Italian: Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano
 Widely recognized country. The Holy See, a sovereign entity recognized by 176 countries, administers the territory of Vatican City; the Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of "Non-member State."47 Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, with the latter being the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and therefore, ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy and in many other countries (Apostolic Nunciatures).
 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
  • Spanish: Venezuela – República Bolivariana de Venezuela
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Venezuela is a federation7 divided into states, one federal dependency and one federal district.
 Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam
  • Vietnamese: Việt Nam – Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
 Widely recognized member of the UN. Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel20 and Spratly Islands.12

W

X

Y
 Yemen – Republic of Yemen
  • Arabic: اليمن – الجمهوريّة اليمنية
Al-Yaman – Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah
 Widely recognized member of the UN. The Yemenite sovereignty over Socotra is disputed by Somalia.8

Z
 Zambia – Republic of Zambia
  • English: Zambia – Republic of Zambia
 Widely recognized member of the UN.
 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe
  • English: Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe
 Widely recognized member of the UN.

Other states

For a more comprehensive list, see List of states with limited recognition

This annex lists states that claim sovereignty and have control over (part of) their claimed territories, but due to disputes over their legitimacy, do not have normal diplomatic relations with the majority of sovereign states. None of the states in this annex list are UN member states. Entities considered to be micronations are not included.
 Abkhazia: Republic of Abkhazia
  • Abkhaz: Аҧсны – Аҧснытәи Республика
Apsny – Apsnytei Respublika
  • Russian: Aбхазия – Республика Абхазия
Abkhaziya – Respublika Abkhaziya
 De facto independent state recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, South Ossetia, Transnistria and Nauru.4849 Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
 Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo
  • Albanian: Kosovës – Republika e Kosovës
  • Serbian: Косово – Република Косово
Kosovo – Republika Kosovo
 De facto independent state that is recognised by 65 UN member states and by Taiwan (Republic of China). Claimed in whole by the Republic of Serbia as part of its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. In turn, the Republic of Kosovo claims the part of Kosovo controlled by the Republic of Serbia and still administered by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). An ethnic Serbian area, North Kosovo, is largely autonomous and not under Kosovo control.
 Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
  • Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ – Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն
Leṙnalin Ġarabaġ – Leṙnayin Ġarabaġi Hanrapetut‘yun
 De facto independent state that has not been diplomatically recognized by any other state. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Azerbaijan.50
 Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
  • Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
 De facto independent state that is recognised only by Turkey. It was accepted as an observer state of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference under the name of the Turkish Cypriot State since 1979. In addition, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan (the sovereign state that Nakhichevan belongs to) has not followed suit. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.51
Palestinian territories Palestine5253
Filastīn
 Palestine has observer status at United Nations General Assembly and maintains a permanent observer mission at the UN Headquarters54 The declared State of Palestine is recognized by more than 100 countries, though with varying territorial borders, or even none. In foreign relations, the State of Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited control over parts of the West Bank, the rest of which is controlled by Israel, while the Gaza Strip is controlled by Hamas.
 SADR – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  • Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية
Al-Jumhūrīya al-`Arabīya as-Sahrāwīya ad-Dīmuqrātīya
 De facto independent state recognized by 81 other states. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of the Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf , Algeria.
 Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland
  • Somali: Soomaaliland – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland
  • Arabic: ارض الصومال – جمهورية ارض الصومال
Ard as-Sūmāl – Jumhūrīyat Ard as-Sūmāl
 De facto independent state not diplomatically recognized by any other state, claimed in whole by the Somali Republic.55
 South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia
  • Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикæ Хуссар Ирыстон
Khussar Iryston – Respublikæ Khussar Iryston
  • Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия
Yuzhnaya Osetiya – Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya
 De facto independent state recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.48
 Taiwan – Republic of China15
Zhōnghuá Mínguó56
 A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the Spratly Islands12 and has not renounced claims over the territory of the PRC and Mongolia.57 The Republic of China is currently recognised by 23 states including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.19 The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly  Chinese Taipei.
 Transnistria – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester)
  • Russian: Приднестровье: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика
Pridnestrovye – Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika
  • Ukrainian: Придністров'я: Придністровська Молдавська Республіка
Pridnistrov'ya – ridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika
  • Romanian: Nistria – Republica Moldovenească Nistreană
 De facto independent state, recognized by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by the Republic of Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.58

Criteria for inclusion

This list derives its definition of a state from Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention of 1933. According to the Convention, a state should possess the following qualifications:

  • (a) a permanent population
  • (b) a defined territory
  • (c) government
  • (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.

In respect of the last qualification, the role of recognition by other states can often be crucial since it implies acceptance into the international community.59 The list includes all states which are often regarded as satisfying these criteria and claim to be sovereign and independent. However, in many cases, whether an entity satisfies the Montevideo Convention criteria is disputed. It is also important to note that there is a divergence of opinion in international law on whether the Montevideo Convention criteria alone are sufficient qualities of statehood. Links to different theories on this question are provided below.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 203 entities:

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities that do not satisfy all the qualifications in the Montevideo Convention or which do not claim to be sovereign and independent:

  • Antarctica as a whole has no government and no permanent population. Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims.61 These claims, which are regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, are neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.62
  • European Union The European Union, a sui generis supranational organisation which currently has 27 member states. The member states have transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU has some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union does not claim to be a sovereign state and has only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer in the category "Other entities having received a standing invitation to participate as observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly and maintaining permanent offices at Headquarters."63 The order has bi-lateral diplomatic relations with 104 states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.64 It website asserts that "it has always been recognised by nations as an independent subject of international law."65 The order's Constitution states: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." 66 Although the order frequently asserts its sovereignty, including in its name, it does not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacks a defined territory. As with other embassies, Italy could theoretically break diplomatic relations with the order and oblige the non-Italian members to leave Italian territory. Since all its members are citizens of other states, almost all of them live in their native countries, and those who reside in the order's extraterritorial properites in Rome do so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacks the characteristic of having a permanent population.
  • States forming part of a federal union, for which, see: federated state. Such entities do not claim to be independent, as their respective governments have surrendered sovereignty to a federal government.
  • Uncontacted peoples who exercise varying degrees of de facto soveriegnty over the areas under their control, but either live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are currently too data deficent to be definitively known.
  • Entities considered to be micronations are not included, even though they generally claim to be sovereign and independent, and try to enter into diplomatic relations with states that are listed. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. The permanent populations of micronations are generally small.

Bibliography

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The names of the items in the list are given in English and include both an English version of the short official names (e.g. Afghanistan) and an English version of the (longer) official names (e.g. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan), as well as the same names in the (de jure or de facto) official languages on national level of the entity. Main source for the names in the official languages are the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the CIA World Fact Book (both retrieved 14 August 2007). If needed, they have been transliterated into Romanized characters, but original scripts (such as Cyrillic or Chinese characters) are included. When possible, the romanization preferred by the country has been used.The sources for both flag and names, official languages and romanizations are the main articles on these entities. When other sources are used, these sources are mentioned. See for a gallery of flags Gallery of sovereign-state flags.
  2. ^ Information is included on
  3. ^ a b More information on separatism can be found at the List of active autonomist and secessionist movements and the main articles.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states, see Sovereignty of the Realms.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.
  6. ^ Argentina is also named Argentine Nation for purposes of legislation.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u More information on territorial disputes can be found at the List of territorial disputes and the main articles.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa The member countries of the European Union transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU.
  10. ^ Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
  11. ^ For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  12. ^ a b c d e f The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines (part), Malaysia (part), and Brunei (part). Except Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
  13. ^ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
  14. ^ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
  15. ^ a b The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as China, while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as Taiwan. The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.
  16. ^ The People's Republic of China is currently not recognized by 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which recognize the Republic of China. See: Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the PRC.
  17. ^ Government of Hong Kong
  18. ^ Government of Macau
  19. ^ a b In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN: most states recognize the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
  20. ^ a b The Chinese sovereignty over the Paracel Islands is disputed by Vietnam and the Republic of China (see List of territorial disputes).
  21. ^ a b c The sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed by India and Pakistan, smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China (and the Republic of China). De facto Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and China. See the List of territorial disputes.
  22. ^ Abbreviated as DRC, and also known as Congo-Kinshasa; also formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
  23. ^ Cyprus is recognized by the Holy See and all UN member states except Turkey, see Foreign relations of Cyprus
  24. ^ A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant Czechia remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (Česko) and some other languages are more popular. See Name of the Czech Republic
  25. ^ The government of East Timor uses Timor-Leste as the English translation.
  26. ^ Hindustani uses both the Hindi and Urdu script
  27. ^ Source for the romanization is Geonames.
  28. ^ Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
  29. ^ See List of active autonomist and secessionist movements.
  30. ^ Source: Iraqi constitution
  31. ^ Ireland is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (its official description but not its name). Sometimes this is done to distinguish Ireland from island of Ireland as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for political reasons and is contentious.
  32. ^ Israel is currently not recognized as a state by 20 countries, see Foreign relations of Israel: No recognition or diplomatic relations.
  33. ^ Israel and the Palestinians: Key terms, BBC Newswatch, accessed, 8 April 2009.
  34. ^ Dore Gold, JCPA Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 3, August 26, 2005.
  35. ^ International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 29 28 January 2008.
  36. ^ Israeli MFA Address by Israeli Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel), January 22, 2008.
  37. ^ Panelists Disagree Over Gaza’s Occupation Status, University of Virginia School of Law, November 17, 2005.
  38. ^ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation" Human Rights Watch. October 29, 2004
  39. ^ See Names of Japan for more detail.
  40. ^ Some argue that Albanian is the second official language.
  41. ^ Moldovan is often considered to be the same language as Romanian, see Moldovan language.
  42. ^ E.g. the Federal Republic of Germany has diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands, Source: German foreign ministry, retrieved 14 August 2007. For more information: Foreign relations of the Cook Islands
  43. ^ Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue, China Internet Information Center, retrieved 25 May 2009
  44. ^ Tokelau remains a dependent territory after referendums. Source: New Zealand Herald, retrieved 8 August 2008
  45. ^ The continent of Antarctica, including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty. All claims are suspended. Claiming countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom. There is also an informal Brazilian claim.
  46. ^ Whether or not the Russian Federation is a genuine federation is a matter of dispute. See: Russian Federation section.
  47. ^ Non-member States and Entities, Retrieved 2009-12-22
  48. ^ a b "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com. 2008-08-26. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  49. ^ "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognising breakaway republics". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/dec/14/nauro-recognises-abkhazia-south-ossetia. 
  50. ^ See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  51. ^ See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  52. ^ Bissio, 1995, p. 433.
  53. ^ Page, 2004, p. 161.
  54. ^ Source for observership: UN Website.
  55. ^ See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  56. ^ Romanization in Pinyin.
  57. ^ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 2008-10-08. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320. 
  58. ^ 'See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  59. ^ "State", pp. 512–3 in Penguin Dictionary of International Relations. Evans, Graham & Newnham, Jeffrey. 1998. (ISBN 0-14-051397-3). London: Penguin Books Ltd.
  60. ^ Non-member States and Entities, Retrieved 2009-12-2
  61. ^ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0754644197  "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
  62. ^ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
  63. ^ "Other entities having received a standing invitation to participate as observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly and maintaining permanent offices at Headquarters". http://www.un.org/en/members/intergovorg.shtml. Retrieved 2009-12-22. 
  64. ^ Bilateral relations with countries, Retrieved 2009-12-22
  65. ^ "What is the Order of Malta?". http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/domrisp.ashttp://www.orderofmalta.org/site/domrisp.asp?idlingua=5abs#1p?idlingua=5. Retrieved 2009-12-22. 
  66. ^ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28-30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1.. Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. pp. 11. http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/pdf/Constit._Charter_and_code.pdf. 

References


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